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Fail

The failure to deliver cash or collateral in time for the settlement of a transaction.

Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)

The FCA regulates authorised investment funds. The FCA is the UK regulator of financial services and requires firms to adhere to strict rules, principles and guidance to put their customers’ well-being at the core of their business.

Financial Crisis

In a financial crisis, asset prices see a steep decline in value, businesses and consumers are unable to pay their debts, and financial institutions experience liquidity shortages.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority is an independent, nongovernmental organisation that writes and enforces the rules governing registered brokers and broker-dealer firms in the US.

Financial institutions

A financial institution is a company engaged in the business of dealing with financial and monetary transactions such as deposits, loans, investments, and currency exchange.

Financial Transaction Tax (FTT)

Proposed by the European Commission to impose a financial transaction tax within some of the member states of the European Union. The tax would be levied on all transactions on financial instruments between financial institutions when at least one party to the transaction is located in the EU.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA)

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act is a tax law that compels US citizens at home and abroad to file annual reports on any foreign account holdings.

Foreign exchange (FX)

Foreign exchange is the trading of one currency for another. For example, one can swap the US dollar for the euro.

Free of payment (FOP)

Delivery of securities with no corresponding payment of funds.

Fund manager or fund management

The fund manager, or management company, is the firm responsible for making decisions on how a fund should be invested. Working to the established rules set up by the regulator, they can also be described as the ‘fund provider’.

Fund provider

The fund provider has responsibility for its operation, and can establish an investment manager to oversee its assets and investor promotion.

Future

Futures are derivative financial contracts that obligate the parties to transact an asset at a predetermined future date and price.

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